Energy policy is among the most polarizing issues in the 2024 election, with candidates toeing distinct party lines, including those laid out by Vice President Kamala Harris and former President Donald Trump in their presidential campaign platforms.
Democrats generally support the Biden administration’s emphasis on renewable energy. Harris is among those who say modernizing energy infrastructure to transition from fossil fuels to carbon-free generation is the key to slowing climate change and staying competitive in an electrified 21st-century economy.
Trump’s platform reflects the general belief among Republicans that Biden’s green energy push has handicapped more affordable oil and gas development, disrupted electricity and fuel markets, aggravated inflation, and increased reliance on China-made materials. They say the abrupt and forced transition is based on ideology, not economics.
There is little common ground between these broad party positions, but one component of the energy mix does have bipartisan support: nuclear power.
That narrow convergence is discernible in Trump’s and Harris’s energy policy planks. Both support expanding nuclear energy, though they do so for different reasons.
Trump, in late August, espoused the development of small modular reactors and said he’d quickly approve new utility-sized power plants.
During an Aug. 29 stop in Potterville, Michigan, he said, “Starting day one, I will approve ... new power plants, new reactors, and slash the red tape.”
Three days earlier, Trump told podcaster Shawn Ryan that nuclear energy is vital to sustaining an expanding electrical grid and powering artificial intelligence development.
“You'll need double the energy we produce right now just for that one industry if we’re going to be the big player,” he said. “Nuclear now has become very good, very safe, and you build the smaller plants.”
That essentially summarizes the current administration’s nuclear energy goals, although its justification is sustainable carbon-free generation, which Harris, as Biden’s successor, touts in continuing the transition to renewable energy.
The 2021 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, 2022’s CHIPS & Science Act, and the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) incentivize the research and development of new types of nuclear power and the expansion of existing capacities.
Harris cast the deciding vote in adopting the IRA, which offers a 30 percent investment tax credit for nuclear projects as well as $6 billion in loans, grants, and tax credits to keep aging nuclear plants operational and to restart some that have shut down.
Steam rises from the nuclear plant on Three Mile Island, as seen from Goldsboro, Penn., on March 26, 2019. (Andrew Caballero-Reynolds/AFP via Getty Images)
There are currently 94 nuclear reactors operating in 55 power plants in the United States, generating 18.6 percent of the nation’s electricity as of 2023, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Most were built between 1970 and 1990 and they average more than 40 years in service. Only one new reactor has come online since 2016—Vogtle’s fourth reactor in Georgia, which became operational in April. That project was $16 billion over budget and six years behind schedule.
The administration’s Nuclear Power Project Management and Delivery working group is advancing efforts to convert 300 existing and retired coal plants to nuclear power, providing grants to cut costs for new plants by 35 percent, and partnering with private industry in its Gateway for Accelerated Innovation in Nuclear initiative to commercialize new nuclear technologies.
In 2024, Congress nearly unanimously adopted the Prohibiting Russian Uranium Imports Act, designed to revive the nation’s uranium mining industry, and the ADVANCE Act, geared to triple domestic nuclear power production by 2050 by offering billions more in incentives and tax credits to promote evolving technologies, including small modular reactors.
The 2024 law also expedites licensing, reduces applicant fees, and audits regulations to remove those “unnecessarily limiting” nuclear energy production.
The bipartisan consensus underlying these recent laws reflects a growing appreciation for nuclear energy. According to an August Pew Research Center poll, of 8,638 surveyed, 56 percent prefer nuclear-generated electricity, with 49 percent of Democrats preferring it above solar and wind—up 12 percentage points since 2020.
The increasing public support for nuclear energy is reflected in Harris’s pledges to sustain momentum for renewable, carbon-free power and inTrump’s vow to accelerate the growth of the industry. However, neither candidate has been specific in detailing their plans.
American Energy Alliance policy and communications manager Alexander Stevens said the two candidates amplify a common perspective that the federal government plays an “outsized role” in regulating the industry.
“Both candidates are following an approach that has kind of been the way nuclear has been developed the last 40, 50 years,” he told The Epoch Times. He said that when it comes to nuclear power, the federal government should play a “big role.”
Both presidential candidates support nuclear energy, with Vice President Kamala Harris touting the Biden administrations transition to renewable energy, while former President Donald Trump believes that the growth of the nulear power industry is vital to sustaining electricity demands. (Saul Loeb/AFP via Getty Images, Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)
But that “big role” can involve both assisting and hampering. While the IRA and other recent bills promote nuclear power, they do so under the nearly 70 new regulatory regimes encoded within the Biden administration’s renewable energy programs.
Permitting reform is counterintuitive without regulatory overhauls, Stevens said, citing the National Environmental Policy Act, Clean Air Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Toxic Substances Act, and Federal Public Lands Act as part of an overlapping matrix that must be scaled back and clarified to accommodate the advances both campaigns espouse.
Dig for Divergence
While consensus is appreciated, more is needed to rapidly advance nuclear energy, said Scott Melbye, president of Uranium Producers of America (UPA), a coalition of industry miners and convertors.
“This bipartisan support is still a very recent phenomenon, but it is clearly built on a very sound footing,” he said.
“Democrats want carbon-free nuclear power to provide a 24/7 baseload support to intermittent renewables, while Republicans see nuclear as an abundant and reliable source of power in an ‘all-of-the-above’ energy strategy that will continue to feature fossil fuels.”
Both approaches work for the New Mexico-based UPA, which represents 12 U.S.-based uranium extraction and processing companies that operate 15 In-Situ Recovery operations nationwide, including five that have reopened since the adoption of the Prohibiting Russian Uranium Imports Act in May.
Melbye, who is also vice president at Texas-based Uranium Energy Corp., told The Epoch Times that UPA has not endorsed a presidential candidate but has suggestions for how the next administration could assist uranium mining and, in doing so, boost nuclear energy development.
“While public, bipartisan support now exists for nuclear energy growth in the United States, we still have some voices on the Left not supportive of domestic mining of a number of minerals critical to growing our advanced economy like uranium, copper, nickel, lithium, and cobalt,” he said.
(Top) The historic mining town of Tonopah, Nev., on May 8, 2024. (Bottom L) A piece of searlesite, a rock that contains both lithium and boron, is displayed at the Rhyolite Ridge Project Lithium-Boron mining project site in Rhyolite Ridge, Nev., on May 7, 2024. (Bottom R) A Tiehm's buckwheat plant starts to bud in its native habitat among searlesite and other mineral rocks on public land in the Silver Peak Range near the Rhyolite Ridge, the site of a proposed lithium mine, in Esmeralda County, Nev., on May 7, 2024. (Robyn Beck/AFP via Getty Images)
Melbye said the regulation of uranium mining is particularly dense, with the Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Defense (DOD), Department of Interior (DOI), Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) all involved.
Even with both presidential campaigns supporting nuclear energy, states often hold the regulatory keys. That reality was emphasized at the National Conference of State Legislatures’ annual legislative summit in early August.
Nuclear Energy Institute senior project manager Kati Austgen said at the conference the industry is seeing states “removing barriers [and] incentivizing investment” to accommodate new reactor types.
Although 300 bills related to nuclear power in 45 states were introduced in the past two years, no utility-scale projects have currently been proposed in the United States, Austgen said, noting a president and Congress can’t change that without support from state lawmakers and regulators.
That’s because focusing on permitting reform doesn’t address state and federal regulations, said Rep. Carl Albrecht (R-Utah), noting that boosting nuclear power means loosening mining regulations, which the DOE claims it supports and the DOI appears committed to thwart.
In 1980, the nation produced and processed 90 percent of the uranium that fueled its nuclear plants. In 2021, only 5 percent used in U.S. plants was produced domestically.
“There’s still a lot of uranium on the Colorado Plateau locked up” on federal public lands, Albrecht said. “We have to get the message to DOI that if we’re going to convert to nuclear, we have to mine and process” uranium.
The sun rises over Monument Valley, a region of the Colorado Plateau, on April 19, 2018. (Eric Baradat/AFP via Getty Images)
That’s a knothole the next administration must address, Melbye agreed.
“One, we will need to license and permit new operations in a cumbersome regulatory process if we want to achieve further self-sufficiency,“ he said. ”And two, we can and will continue to rely on Western uranium suppliers, like Canada and Australia, for a portion of our energy needs.”
Melbye said the U.S. nuclear industry consumes 45 million pounds of uranium annually. When it led the world in uranium production, it supplied 40 million pounds annually to domestic plants.
A UPA survey concluded “under supportive policies and market conditions, the U.S. uranium industry could return to production levels of around 20 [million] to 25 million pounds in annual output in the next five years, largely from existing, licensed operations,” Melbye said.
The next administration can also accelerate nuclear energy development by tightening the capacity for “frivolous intervenor lawsuits to delay projects for many years,” Melbye said, or for agencies to “engage in overreach of their regulatory powers to stop industries they may have ideological opposition to.”
Melbye said Trump or Harris must end the Biden administration’s “wholesale withdrawal [from development] of millions of acres of federal land through wilderness designations.”
“These sorts of policies, often taken without the consultation of local interests, need to be stopped, and regulatory processes must see further streamlining.”
