More than $191 billion was wasted because of fraud and mismanagement of pandemic unemployment insurance relief programs in the federal government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to congressional investigators.
Republicans and Democrats on the House Oversight and Accountability Committee agreed that the programs were plagued by costly problems, although they continued to disagree on what is needed to prevent a recurrence.
Rep. James Comer (R-Ky.) is chairman of the Oversight Committee, and Rep. Jamie Raskin (D-Md.) is the ranking member of the panel.
The unemployment insurance programs created “an unprecedented amount of fraud and improper payments,” and “the full extent of this fraud and the money lost may never be fully known,” according to a Sept. 10 report prepared by the Oversight Committee’s Republican investigators.
The report cites a Department of Labor Inspector General investigation that found “that at least $191 billion in pandemic unemployment insurance payments could have been improperly paid, with a significant portion attributable to fraud.”
The Oversight Committee report notes that reported recoveries of improper payments total $6.8 billion.
The report mainly focuses on three unemployment insurance programs introduced as temporary measures by President Donald Trump and then continued and expanded by President Joe Biden: Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation, Pandemic Emergency Unemployment Compensation, and Pandemic Unemployment Assistance.
As with conventional unemployment programs, Congress created the three COVID-19 pandemic unemployment insurance programs to be administered by state officials using federal funds. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, however, the funds were provided with an emphasis on getting the money to recipients as quickly as possible.
According to the Oversight Committee report, the massive waste and fraud resulted from federal officials’ failure to oversee state actions to ensure that funds were expended properly. Recipients were frequently not required to provide proof of identity, verification of eligibility, or evidence of seeking employment.
Three states were singled out in the report: California, New York, and Pennsylvania.
California’s failure to check eligibility “led to many bad actors like international organized crime and individual criminals cashing in while eligible claimants were unable to obtain their benefits,” according to the report. Initial reports about the amount of unemployment insurance fraud being committed in California “were so extreme some industry experts wondered if hackers had gained control” of the state program.
It took months for California officials to heed federal warnings to tighten eligibility verification procedures, and they did not do so consistently, according to the report.
“Pennsylvania failed to use known databases or systems to cross-reference claims for potential fraud,” the report reads. “This led to multiple benefits checks being sent to the same address, checks being sent to claimants serving time in prison, and multiple checks being sent to claimants using fraudulently attained Social Security numbers and government identification.”
New York officials repeatedly ignored federal warnings about growing evidence of fraud and “repeatedly failed to meet benchmarks requested by the Department of Labor,” according to the report.
“Lacking urgency, [New York officials] continued to miss deadlines, both set by the state and by the Department of Labor, for no apparent reason and without any explanation,” the report reads.
Much of the work in preparing the Oversight Committee report was conducted by investigators working for Rep. Pete Sessions (R-Texas), chairman of the panel’s Subcommittee on Government Operations and the Federal Workforce.
House Oversight and Accountability Committee Chairman James Comer (R-Ky.) and other Republican members of the committee present preliminary findings of their investigation into President Joe Biden's family at a news conference on May 10, 2023, in Washington. (Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)
“We owe it to the American people to identify how nearly $200 billion—as estimated from watchdog, agency, and media reports—were stolen from American taxpayers,” Sessions said in a statement.
Democrats on the committee, led by Raskin, criticized the Oversight Committee report as unnecessarily “partisan” and said that it failed to acknowledge that multiple studies in previous years documented extensive waste and fraud problems in unemployment insurance programs under leadership from both political parties.
“We have known for years that all levels of government need to get better at tracking whether federal dollars spent on protecting paychecks or raising children out of poverty go to those Congress intended,” Raskin said in a statement.
Rep. Jamie Raskin (D-Md.) addresses a breakfast meeting for Pennsylvania delegates in Chicago on Aug. 21, 2024. (Travis Gillmore/The Epoch Times)
“We don’t need partisan attacks besmirching Blue States or Red States by retreading well-worn oversight paths when we have the solutions right in front of us,“ Raskin said. ”We have to make the necessary investments to prevent fraud before it takes place, prosecute when it does, and build on what works.”
The Maryland Democrat also pointed out that the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis, led by Rep. Jim Clyburn (D-S.C.), had extensively documented problems in the unemployment insurance programs.
“The Trump administration explicitly instructed federal agencies to ignore reporting requirements mandated by Congress in the CARES Act,“ Raskin said.
Raskin pointed to legislation that he had previously introduced in Congress—H.R. 8009, the Government Overspending Act of 2024—which “would replicate the successful work of the Pandemic Response Accountability Committee by creating its successor, the Government Spending Oversight Committee, within the interagency council of [inspectors general].”
The committee would “use data analytics and share staff with [inspectors general], providing additional tools, knowledge, and skills necessary to better combat improper payments and fraud,” he said.
